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Articulation
Preschool Articulation Suggestions
•Speak slowly and look directly at your child when you converse.
•Be a good speech model. Avoid baby talk and pronounce words clearly.
•When your child makes an error, do not correct him. Provide your child with a good model instead (e.g., If the child says, “I see the ‘tat.’, you might say, “I see the cat too!”). When doing this there is no need to emphasize the mispronounced sound or word.
•Repeat new words over and over in conversations with your child.
•Make a sound scrapbook with your child. Collect pictures that go with sounds in the alphabet and help your child paste them in the book. This will help your child become more aware of different sounds.
•Let your child watch your face, lips and tongue when you form sounds.
•Praise you child when he says sounds correctly, especially if it is a new sound.
Please try the suggested tips with your child and take time everyday to enjoy books and converse with your child. It will be rewarding for both of you.
幼兒班發音建議
‧跟小孩對話時，放慢速度，眼睛直視他們。
‧做個好榜樣，不要用嬰兒的說話方式(Baby talk)講話，正確的發每一個音。
‧當小孩講錯的時候，不要糾正他們，而是要提供正確的講法 (例如：小孩說：”我看到奢!!(車)” 你可以說："對! 我也看到"車"!) 這種做法叫做 recasting。 (不需要特別強調他發錯了哪個音。)
‧跟小孩對話的時候，跟他們不斷重複新學的單字。
‧跟小孩子一起做一本 "聲音"的筆記本，把發同樣音的圖片貼在上面，這樣可以幫助你的小孩注意各種不同的發音。
‧當你發音的時候，讓你的小孩注意看你的臉、嘴唇、跟舌頭。
‧當小孩發音正確的時候，特別是一個新的音，要稱讚他們。
請跟你的小孩試試這些方法，每天多花點時間跟他們聊天與唸書， 雙方都會獲益良多。
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Fluency tips
Preschool Fluency Suggestions
Many children, between the ages of two and six, hesitate, repeat sounds, syllables and words when they are learning to talk. This is a normal dysfluent speech pattern that your child might experience for several weeks to several months. This pattern might disappear or reoccur then disappear later. There are many ways to help your child during this period.
• Model a slow, easy speaking pattern when talking with your child. Don’t answer questions quickly. You can also reflect back to your child what he said using a slower speaking rate. For example if your child says “I want to play with the dog” you can respond in a slightly slower rate by saying: “You want to play with the dog now?”.
• Avoid giving advice to your child, such as saying, “Speak more slowly” or “Stop and take a breath”.
• Avoid calling attention to your child’s difficulties with speech. Be patient and aware of your body language while your child is speaking. Use good eye contact, even when he is struggling.
• Let your child get through with what he has to say on his own.
• Avoid time pressures. Give your child plenty of time to talk without interrupting or hurrying him on.
Most of all, enjoy talking with your child. Focus on what he is saying rather than how he is saying it. Your attitude towards communication and your acceptance of his difficulty will make your interactions rewarding.
Please try using the suggested tips to help your child develop an easier speech pattern. If you notice that your child’s difficulty with speech is increasing (e.g., increased sound repetitions or prolongations of sounds) or notice physical tension, struggling or blocking of sounds, you can discuss your concerns with a Speech Language Pathologist.
學前說話流利建議
很多2歲到6歲之間的兒童學說話的時後，都會有遲疑、 重複音素、音節、或是重復單字這樣的現象。這是正常的現象，這段口齒不流利的時間可能會持續數周到數月之久。 這樣的現象可能會消失，或是過一陣子又出現。 這裡有一些可以幫助他們度過這段時期的方法:
.跟孩童說話時，自己輕聲慢語作為榜樣。 不要急速的答話。當他們慢慢說話的時候，你也要學他們一樣慢慢的說話。例如: 如果您的小孩說:"我想跟狗玩" 你可以用比他稍慢的速度回答:"你現在要跟狗玩嗎?”
.避免給小孩這樣的建議: "說慢一點" 或是 "停下來 然後深呼吸"。
.避免指出你小孩說話困難的地方。談話時要有耐心，並注意自己的身體語言。就算他有一點點掙扎，也要好好的看著他。
.讓您的小孩自己說完他想說的話。
避免時間上的壓力，給你的小孩足夠的時間讓他們說完想說的話。不要打斷或是催促他。
最重要的是 享受與你孩子交談的時間，注意他要說甚麼，而不是他怎麼說。你對溝通的態度以及你接受他們說話不流利的表現，將會讓你們的相處穫益良多。
請試試這些建議 來幫助你的孩子發展出一套說話的模式。如果你發現孩童的語言困難有增加 (例如 越來越多的音素重複或是拖長音素) 或是 身體僵硬、 掙扎、 停頓、請與語言治療師聯繫。
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How expensive are speech language therapy? Assistance avaiable?
How expensive are speech therapy services?
Speech therapy costs range from $0 per session (if covered by insurance or provided by your local school district) to $100 or so per hour. With many children needing several speech therapy sessions per week, costs can quickly add up. It is worth your while to pursue options for reducing your out-of-pocket costs. These options include your local school district's special education department or early childhood center, your insurance company, local Easter Seals, United Way, and Scottish Rites programs, Medicaid, and local universities' speech-language hearing departments. Easter Seals, United way, Scottish Rites, and universities' speech-language hearing departments often offer a sliding scale fee based on your income.
For specific information about sources for reducing your costs, see How to Find Help to Pay for Your Child's Speech Therapy at www.speechville.com
語言治療有多貴?
語言治療有多貴? 可以尋求補助嗎?
語言治療的費用可以從免費，(若健保有給付 或是您的學區有提供) 到每小時約美金$100。若是像許多學童每星期需要上好幾堂課的話， 費用就會快速增加。明智的方式是尋求費用方面的補助。方法有：善加利用學區的特殊教育部門或是幼兒中心、保險公司、Easter Seals United Way、Scottish Rites program、聯邦醫療保險(Medicaid) 以及鄰近大學的語言科系部門。 這些團體常常會依照您的收入而酌量收費。
若要查詢有關補助的詳細資訊，請閱讀: How to Find Help to Pay for Your Child's Speech Therapy at www.speechville.com
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Language
Helping preschool students with their language development
•Show interest in what your child says. You can do this with facial expressions, eye contact and by commenting on what was said. If your child makes a mistake, ignore it or rephrase the message (e.g., If your child says “Dog in chair”, respond by saying, “The dog is on the chair”).
•Be a good language model but keep your language simple. Speak slowly and clearly to your child. Use sentence length or vocabulary that is just a bit above your child’s level.
•Expand what your child says by adding information or vocabulary. If your child says, “Bus go”, you can respond by saying, “The yellow bus is going”.
•Reading to your child is one of the best ways to expand his vocabulary and language skills. When reading point out new words and talk about the characters and what is happening. Ask your child questions, (e.g., “How does the bear feel?”, “What might happen next?”, etc.). Read favorite books over and over. Take your child to the library and let him pick out a few. Read with your child everyday!
•When out and about with your child, comment on what you see and what is going on. For example, in the market, talk about the fruit, how it tastes, what color/ shape it is. When it is raining, talk about puddles, how things are wet, what we wear, etc. Again, talk slowly, clearly and keep it simple.
•Concepts! It is easy to include important concepts when talking with your child. Talk about shape, color, numbers and where things are in space (e.g., top/ bottom, in/ out, on/ off, over/ under, etc.) when you are working or playing together.
•Follow your child’s lead! If your child is interested in a subject, talk about it and expand on what he says. Go to the library and find stories about their favorite subject (e.g., dinosaurs, trains, animals, etc.) and have fun reading together!
Take time everyday to enjoy books and converse with your child. It will be rewarding for both of you. We look forward to screening your child in a few months and will contact you about the results.
幫助學前兒童言語發展
●對你小孩說的話表示興趣， 你可以用面部表情、 眼神接觸、 以及發表意見來表現你的興趣。 若是他說錯了， 可以當成沒聽到， 或是重新說一次 例如 他說：“ 狗坐車” 你要說：“狗坐在車上”。
●做好榜樣，保持說話單純、 簡單。 跟小孩慢慢清楚的說話， 字句的長短跟用字只能比他的程度高一點點。
●在小孩說的話裡面加入新的單字或是資訊。 如果他說：“巴士走” 你可以回答：“黃色的巴士開走了”。
●讀書給小孩聽是增加語言技巧與單字最好方法之一。 唸書的時候指出新的生字，討論書裡面的角色跟他們經歷的事情。 問他們問題。 (例如：“那隻熊的感覺是什麼? ”“接下來也許會怎樣? ”) 反覆的閱讀他們最喜歡的書， 帶你的小孩去圖書館， 讓他們挑選幾本新的書。 每天都要讀書給他們聽!
●跟小孩在外面的時候，對看到的事物跟發生的事情發表意見。 例如： 在超市裡面， 聊一聊水果， 它們的滋味， 它們的形狀跟顏色。 下雨的時候， 聊一聊水灘， 東西如何變濕了，我們要穿什麼 之類的事情。 再次強調， 說話要慢、 清楚、 簡單。
● 概念! 跟小孩聊天時要融入重要的概念是很容易的， 跟他們玩的時候，聊一聊 形狀、 顏色、 數字、以及東西在空間裡的關係。(例如: 上面下面、 裡外、 開關、)
●跟隨小孩的步伐， 如果他對一個東西有興趣的話，可以聊聊並且增加他的詞彙。 到圖書館找他們有興趣的書籍。(例如 恐龍、 火車、 動物。) 開心的一起讀書吧！
每天多花點時間跟你的小孩聊天與讀書， 你們雙方都會獲益良多。 我期盼數月後再度觀察你的孩子再報告結果。
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Toys and books are great language tools!
Eric Carle Books
Bill Martin and Eric Carle series of books are wonderful books to introduce young children to language pattern. His books provide repititions and predictable patterns. His books teaches number, color, action, object, and descriptive concepts.
--Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What do you see?
--Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What do you see?
--Polar Bear, Polar Bear, What do you hear?
--Baby Bear, Baby Bear, What do you see?
--From Head to Toe
Dr. Seuss Books
Great books to read to your child. The rhymes are fun and are important to becoming a good reader. Dr. Seuss books also teaches important preschool concepts.
--Go, Dog, Go!
--The Cat in the Hat
--Are you my mother?
--The Foot Book
--One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish
Where's Spot? By Eric Hill
Great books in exposing your toddler to prepositional concepts!
Books that teaches children about feelings
--Go Away Big Green Monster by Ed Emberley
--Llama Llama mad at Mama by Anna Dewdney
--No, David By David Shannon
Max and Ruby By Rosemary Wells
Teaches problem solving strategies. Fun and engaging for toddlers. They laugh and are eager to talk about what went wrong.
Little Critters by Mercer Mayer
Mercer Mayer books teaches children wonderful ideas of sharing, feelings, problem solving, social skills, and exposure to daily activities.
--That's not fair
--Little Critters Joke Book
--I'm sorry
--Just a mess
--Bye Bye Mom and Dad
ABC books
--A,B, See! by T. Hoban
--An Alphabet of Animals by C. Wormell
--Chicka Chicka Boom Boom By Martin, Jr., and J. Archambault
From Letter to Letter By T. Sloat |
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